【雙語(yǔ)財(cái)訊】美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)調(diào)查：高通脹侵蝕美家庭財(cái)務(wù)安全，民眾對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不滿情緒蔓延

據(jù)路透社5月22日?qǐng)?bào)道，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)22日發(fā)布一項(xiàng)調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示，通脹高企削弱了美國(guó)家庭的財(cái)務(wù)安全感。54%的美國(guó)成年人稱(chēng)，他們的預(yù)算受到了物價(jià)上漲的“巨大”影響。許多民眾表示，他們不得不減少儲(chǔ)蓄維持生計(jì)，對(duì)退休生活感到不安，并暫緩購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些商品或選購(gòu)更便宜的產(chǎn)品。

The inflation wave that crested at a 40-year high last year and remains elevated has eroded U.S. households" sense of financial security, the Federal Reserve reported Monday, with many saying they had reduced their savings to make ends meet, felt less secure about retirement, and had delayed purchases or swapped into cheaper products as they shopped.美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)5月22日表示，美國(guó)通脹率在2022年創(chuàng)下近40年來(lái)的新高，通脹高企削弱了美國(guó)家庭的財(cái)務(wù)安全感。許多民眾稱(chēng)，他們不得不減少儲(chǔ)蓄維持生計(jì)，對(duì)退休生活感到不安，并暫緩購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些商品或選購(gòu)更便宜的產(chǎn)品。

A shopper pays for produce with a credit card at a farmers market in San Francisco, California, US, on June 2, 2022. [Photo/VCG]

In an annual survey showing the corrosive effects of inflation on Americans" economic confidence, the Fed said the percentage of respondents who said they were doing "at least okay financially" in 2022 tumbled by 5 percentage points - the most since the survey was launched a decade ago - to 73%. The Fed launched the "Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking" in 2013.美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)發(fā)起的“家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)和決策年度調(diào)查”顯示，73%的受訪者認(rèn)為2022年“財(cái)務(wù)狀況過(guò)得去”，同比下降5%。創(chuàng)下了自十年前啟動(dòng)該調(diào)查以來(lái)的最大降幅。該調(diào)查自2013年啟動(dòng)，研究通脹對(duì)美國(guó)人經(jīng)濟(jì)信心的消極影響。

The share of those saying they were worse off shot up 15 points to 35%, the highest level by far since the Fed first started asking that question in 2014. 35%的受訪者表示個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化，飆升15%。這是自2014年美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)首次提出該問(wèn)題以來(lái)的最高水平。

Those who considered their retirement savings "on track" fell to 31% among those not yet retired, compared to 40% in 2021.在尚未退休的人群中，認(rèn)為自己的退休儲(chǔ)蓄“正?！钡娜私抵?1%，而2021年這一比例為40%。

The survey also suggested Americans" souring mood about their own finances carried over to their view of the national economy.調(diào)查還表明，美國(guó)人對(duì)個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況的不滿情緒蔓延到對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的認(rèn)識(shí)上。

Even though the unemployment rate has been low, below 4%, since January of 2022, only 18% of respondents rated the national economy as "good" or "excellent," down from 50% as of 2019.盡管美國(guó)失業(yè)率持續(xù)處于低位（低于4%），但自2022年1月以來(lái)，只有18%的受訪者認(rèn)為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)“良好”或“優(yōu)秀”，低于2019年的50%。

The survey was conducted in October, and the results included responses from a representative sample of 11,775 people.這項(xiàng)調(diào)查于2022年10月進(jìn)行，受訪者包括11775人。

Annual inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index peaked at 9.1% last summer, the highest since the early 1980s, and remains elevated now at 4.9%. 2022年夏天，美國(guó)以消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)衡量的通脹年率達(dá)到9.1%的峰值，為20世紀(jì)80年代初以來(lái)的最高水平，目前仍保持在4.9%的高位。

Fifty-four percent of adults said that their budgets had been affected "a lot" by price increases, with parents of children under 18, Black and Latin American adults and those with disabilities ranking among the most likely to report an impact from inflation.54%的成年人表示，他們的預(yù)算受到了物價(jià)上漲的“巨大”影響，18歲以下兒童的父母、黑人和拉丁美洲成年人以及殘疾人是最可能受高通脹影響的人群。

Indeed, overall one-third of households cited inflation as their main financial challenge, up more than fourfold from 2016.

事實(shí)上，總體而言，三分之一的美國(guó)家庭認(rèn)為通貨膨脹是他們面臨的主要財(cái)務(wù)挑戰(zhàn)，這一比例較2016年增長(zhǎng)了四倍多。

來(lái)源：路透社編輯：董靜

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)